本文转载自 迪拜新视野 微信公众号:visionae
高塔、游艇、沙漠、黄金……提及迪拜酋长国,大多数人脑海里首先会浮现出这些词语。然而,隶属于阿拉伯联合酋长国的迪拜并非面积最大的酋长国,但作为汇聚了阿联酋70%非石油贸易的集散中心,迪拜不仅是中东最大的自由贸易中心,更是世界著名的经济、金融中心。
事实上,迪拜并没有像其他海湾国家那样享受到上帝丰富的馈赠——石油。长年以来,石油为迪拜贡献的GDP比例仅有6%,这个繁华耀眼的“黄金之城”大部分收入来源于自由贸易区。
对迪拜来说,自贸区带来的绝不只是“黄金”,它更成为国家发展的绝对引擎。在频繁的国际交流中,这个阿拉伯国家在国际上的传统印象正在改变,随之而来的是不断攀升的旅游收入。从2004年开始,旅游收入已经成为迪拜财政收入的主要组成部分。
去年底,《第一财经日报》记者受迪拜政府邀请对其自由贸易区进行考察。迪拜政府社会经济发展战略管理部总监艾尼莎·默罕默德·夏里夫(Howaida Rabee)女士在接受本报记者采访时称,迪拜已经逐步走出2008年的经济危机阴影,对世界依旧具有强大吸引力。随着基建设施的不断完善,未来的迪拜将更加注重法律、制度、文化等软实力的建设,为投资者和旅游者提供更好的服务。
夏里夫同时表示,迪拜将继续全力打造和服务自由贸易区,并称这将是迪拜续写传奇的关键。
位于阿拉伯半岛中部、阿拉伯湾南岸的迪拜不仅没有过多的石油可以依赖,严酷的亚热带气候和单一贫乏的资源更成为经济发展的巨大障碍,但高温和缺水并没有阻碍迪拜发展的步伐,一切都得益于其优良的地理位置。
迪拜最大的贸易区杰贝阿里自由贸易区(Jebel Ali Free Zone,JAFZA)对外关系负责人Varprasad Rao对本报记者表示,迪拜所处的地理位置决定了它无论在时区上还是交通上都能成为连接东西方世界的纽带。
据劳介绍,在日常工作时间内,他们早上和亚洲国家联系,下午和欧美国家联系,以保证处理信息的最高效率。
不仅如此,长达734公里的海岸线更为迪拜提供了丰富的港口资源,使得这里成为世界最繁忙的货物集散地之一。为形成海陆空全方位的地域优势,迪拜政府还着力打造了“4小时经济圈”和“8小时经济圈”的航空线,将迪拜和世界主要中心城市紧密连接。
为了吸引更多的外资,迪拜政府在修正自然条件的缺陷方面做出很多努力,如今,较为困难的用水问题也因海水淡化技术而得到解决。
从某种程度上说,对外贸易几乎就是迪拜的生命。
迪拜海关提供的可查数据显示,2010年1月~10月,迪拜对外贸易额达4750亿迪拉姆(约合1301亿美元),比2009年同期增长19%。其中,出口565亿迪拉姆(约合154.8亿美元),同比增长36%;进口3000亿迪拉姆(约合821.9亿美元),同比增长14%;转口1180亿迪拉姆(约合323.3亿美元),同比增长22.9%。
而在这10个月中,迪拜自贸区贡献的外贸额达2650亿迪拉姆(约合726亿美元),同比增长22%。
劳毫不讳言地表示,无数外来人口和资源帮助迪拜拉动了GDP。就在2010年,迪拜工业产值达到387.2亿迪拉姆,占迪拜GDP的13%,也为迪拜酋长国提供了8%的就业率。
迄今,在迪拜GDP的构成中,批发和零售贸易以30%的比例排名第一,排名第二、第三的则为运输、通信业和房地产业,它们分别以890亿迪拉姆、415.4亿迪拉姆和403亿迪拉姆的产值占据迪拜GDP的前三位。而这些,大部分都来自于永不停歇的自贸区。
一名在迪拜从事贸易的亚裔商人告诉本报记者,整个迪拜无论经济和人口都显示出强劲的流动性,迪拜政府不允许外籍人士加入,也很少有人真正想获得国籍,政府主要专注于基建和提供服务。而正是这些来来往往的“租客”,为迪拜提供了无穷的财富,使其成为中东地区的经济和金融中心。
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