阿联酋虽然是个大沙漠,但是菜篮子工程一直都有。近些年,阿联酋的农场产业蒸蒸日上,这其中也离不开华人的建设。
早在2010年以前,就已经有阿联酋华人开始从事农场业务。到2013年,华人零售巨头温超集团打造了自己的农场,开始大规模在本地种植中国蔬菜,并将新鲜的中国蔬菜带进阿联酋的千家万户。此后,陆陆续续有华人开垦阿联酋土地,为荒漠变出一片片良田。
但在高温、贫瘠的沙漠种菜,有许多技术难关需要克服,尤其是气温高达四五十度的夏季,加之阿联酋水质含盐量高导致土地盐碱富集,传统农场想种植出新鲜的本地蔬菜更是难上加难。
然而现代科技为我们打破局限,最近有阿联酋华人建设了一个新型技术型农场 —— 『气雾栽培农场』,里面充满了许多新玩意儿,让我们去查探一番~
视频先行,我们的农场参观Vlog▼
视频:Moraynia / Yan图片:Yan
我们前去探访的阿联酋气雾栽培农场位于Al Dhaid, Sharjah,是阿联酋唯一的由华人经营的气雾栽培农场。项目创始人李华,大家都亲切地称呼为华姐,于是在2015年将这项属于中国的技术带到了阿联酋。
项目创始人李华
气雾栽培是指植物根系生长在封闭、不透光的空间中,营养液经雾化器处理后形成雾状,间歇性均匀地喷至植物根系,提供植物生长所需要的水分和养分的一种新型无土栽培模式。气雾栽培简单来说可以分为3个步骤。
STEP 1
将蔬菜苗茎或者种子裹上大约2厘米左右的方块海绵,悬挂在一个密闭的栽培装置(槽、箱或床)中。
STEP 2
用镊子栽入挤塑板的定植孔内,根系裸露在栽培装置内部。
STEP 3
利用自动化喷雾装置定时将营养液雾化为小雾滴状,直接喷射到植物根系以提供植物生长所需的水分和养分。之后就静待收成吧。
这个项目于2017年正式启动,2018年年中建成并开始试生产,也经历了很多水土不服带来的困难,但最终还是克服了困难,扎稳了根基,于今年实现了商业化批量生产。
新型科技的使用,使得这种农业更加的高效、节能、环保、健康。气雾栽培对于农业种植条件先天不足的沙漠来说,有很多得天独厚的优势。
首先是节水。气雾栽培中水的损失率很低。因为气雾栽培中,水是以喷雾的方式供给植物的根系,而且经雾化集流的水份又经回液管回流至营养液池进行循环利用,与传统土壤栽培相比,省水率可达92-93%。这对于淡水缺乏的沙漠国家有着非凡的意义。
另外气雾栽培中恒定的温度条件也可以突破沙漠超高温对蔬菜种植的限制,顺利实现一年四季有新鲜蔬菜吃。其次气雾栽培技术能够突破沙漠土壤贫瘠的问题,提高作物产量。作物根系处于最适宜的环境条件下,吸收丰富的营养,有利于发挥作物的增长潜力,使植物产量得到大大提高。同时没有含盐水在传统农田经蒸发后盐分富集导致的土地逐年盐碱化的问题。
还有一个重要优势就是干净环保。气雾栽培,与传统栽培比,免受土壤中贵金属等污染的影响,也没有土壤或其它污染所致的污垢发生,能够完全做到工厂式的洁净化生产。用来气雾栽培的水,都是经过过滤后,达到矿泉水安全级别的,大家都可以直接拿来饮用。可以说,这些植物都是拿矿泉水养大的植物。
农场的另外一位创始人李彬说:“希望更多的人去使用这项技术,让它产生更大的社会意义,因为这个技术是来自于科学家的,是来自于全人类的,那么我们想要把这项技术奉献给全人类。”
吃着农场里水果感觉的芹菜,我突然想,这个绿色如茵、生机勃勃的气雾培农场,是不是也让我们看到了在沙漠也可以一年四季吃到无防腐剂的、品种丰富的、新鲜蔬菜的希望呢?感谢科技发展,感谢先行者,让我们拭目以待。
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