最近,阿联酋的金融界出了一个大瓜。
阿联酋最大的医疗保健服务提供商——NMC医疗集团,最近被爆出66亿美元的债务危机,引发了阿联酋金融界的大地震,同时阿央行也被推到风口浪尖,各银行的大额敞口引起主流社会置疑声不断。
作为伦敦交易所上市的公司,NMC股价狂泻不止,如同垃圾股,NMC旗下所有医疗被申请司法保全。
在阿联酋,NMC集团属于很有牌面的大公司,这个公司的爆雷对阿联酋的金融业可谓产生了不小的影响。
1
发家史
NMC的医疗帝国
NMC健康集团由BR Shetty(希提)于1974 年成立,它于1981年扩展到了一家成熟的医院,创始人1973年第一次来到阿布扎比时,钱包里只有8美分和一屁股债,他在阿联酋的第一份工作是贩卖药品。
从1996年起,NMC开始扩展到其他酋长国,1996年扩展到沙迦,1999年扩展到迪拜Deira,迪拜的NMC特色医院成立于2004年,之后2008年在AL AIN成立,2009年,这些医院获得了JCIA认证,2012年4月,NMC在伦敦证券交易所上市。
2016年3月,NMC Health在阿布扎比开设了阿联酋最大的私营医院——NMC皇家医院。同年,NMC Health收购Al Zahra Hospital,它是当时阿联酋最大的私立医院之一。
总之,NMC一路在阿联酋的医疗界高歌猛进,甚至还将业务扩展到沙特和其他国家。在一系列扩张和收购后,NMC目前在19个国家/地区中拥有200多个医院和诊所,医疗服务覆盖了大多数阿联酋居民。
2
涉足金融
创办UEA Exchange
1980年,为了帮助员工更好地把资金汇到国内,BR Shetty在阿布扎比创建了UAE Exchange(阿联酋换汇交易所),到2014年,它已扩展到在全球约800个地点。
2015年,UAE Exchange成为世界经济论坛的合作伙伴,迪拜地铁甚至将Jebel Ali地铁站的名字更名为“ UAE Exchange”。
2018年,UAE Exchange在18个迪拜地铁站设有分行,一共在阿联酋开设了150个交易点。目前该业务在40个国家/地区拥有约9000名员工,是全球最大的汇款公司之一,在中东和亚洲拥有广泛的网络。
UAE Exchange的主营业务是跨国汇款,官网上可交易的货币超过26种,致力于解决公司和个人的跨国支付问题,不仅如此,在UAE Exchange,居民还可以进行缴付水电费,保险费代缴,支付员工工资等服务。在阿联酋,UAE Exchange已经成长为一个全能型的金融服务机构,随着阿联酋外来人口和国际公司很多,大部分人都是或曾经是它的客户,影响力简直秒杀同行。
如果没有发生后面的爆雷事件,左手医疗,右手钱庄的大老板希提妥妥是一个屌丝逆袭的人生赢家。可惜人算不如天算……
3
引发债务危机
NMC是怎么玩死自己的?
| 罪魁祸首:反向保理制度 |
反向保理是指保理公司围绕着一个核心买方企业(债务人),与其签订保理业务协议,由该企业将其上游的供应商(卖方)推荐给保理公司,保理公司在受让卖方应收账款的基础上,为卖方提供保理融资服务。
说得通俗一点,就是在NMC大红大紫时,众多金融机构蜂拥而至,想要分一杯羹,NMC便可以无限放大自己的金融杠杆,推理逻辑如下:当NMC没钱给供应商支付货款时,NMC将供应商推荐给银行,银行受让供应商的应收货款之后,给供应商放款,在这种机制下,供应商可以及时回笼资金,NMC能够持续从银行吸血,而众银行也成为了NMC最大的债权人。
事实上,在NMC尚未东窗事发时,该集团高利润、高增速的虚假财报一直把众多金融机构哄得团团转。
截至发稿,NMC的市值为24亿美元,总债务为66亿美元,属于严重资不抵债的企业类型,杠杆接近3倍,80多家投资NMC的金融机构全部躺枪。损失最为惨重的是阿布扎比商业银行(ADCB),ADBC的风险敞口为11.63亿美元,相当于年利润的80%。紧接着是迪拜伊斯兰银行,出现了5.41亿美元的风险敞口,年利润的一半被抹掉。排第三的是阿布扎比伊斯兰银行(PJSC),风险敞口为2.914亿美元。
☟
| 东窗事发:被浑水盯上了 |
如果岁月静好,NMC的捞钱套路或许还可以继续玩下去,但是,他们偏偏被浑水盯上了。浑水(Muddy Water Research),世界著名做空机构,盯谁谁倒霉,比如前阵子在中国热议的瑞幸咖啡就被浑水盯上了,下场大家已经看到了。
而浑水做空NMC的主要依据,就是找到了NMC内部关联交易的证据。
NMC皇家女子医院
阿联酋的NMC皇家女子医院(NMC Royal Women’s Hospital)于2014年开业,前身是光明点医院(Brightpoint Hospital),NMC Health对其进行了重建。
截至2014年,公司记录的与NMC皇家女子医院相关的总资本成本为1.074亿美元,新医院的建筑面积约14000平方米,该医院每平方米的建筑成本高达7700美元,成本是同行的两倍。
NMC皇家女子医院的建筑承包商为“Modular Concepts, LLC”(简称“MC公司”)。MC公司过去曾为NMC建立过多家医院。
浑水掌握的证据显示,MC公司很有可能是NMC Health的关联方,而公司却从未披露过其关系。
浑水通过调查得知,Pradeep Rai是NMC Health的大股东BR Shetty(持股15.9%)的长期密友兼远房亲戚。
因此,MC公司的实际控制人其实是NMC Health的大股东BR Shetty,关联交易的嫌疑极大。
Premier Health
浑水发现的另一个可疑的交易,是NMC Health在2018年3月以现金对价3640万美元收购Premier Health70%的股份。
Premier Health是一家特殊儿童康复医疗机构,成立于2014年,距离后来被NMC Health收购仅不到4年。
浑水通过与Premier Health前雇员的交谈得知,在被收购前,该医院仅有280平方米面积和9名雇员,其开业以来的患者大约只有60人。
NMC Health的收购价格意味着该医院的整体估值为5200万美元(3640万美元除以70%),就Premier Health被收购前的规模来看,NMC Health的收购价格明显高得离谱。
在NMC Health收购不久后,Premier Health的股东登记表显示,其剩余30%的股权由一家名为“NOVA Health Investment”的公司持有。
2019年11月14日,NOVA Health Investment将持有的30%股权出售给NMC Health,交易价格未公布。
NOVA很有可能与MC公司一样,其实际控制人最终都指向NMC Health的股东。
4
何去何从?
NMC甩下的烂摊子
| 行政管理介入 |
NMC的债务危机开始爆发之时,该集团进行了无关痛痒的内部调查,就连该集团的创始人兼前董事长BR Shetty也表示,会尽早向利益相关者阐明事实的真相,但是这一诺言,至今没有兑现。
之后NMC的债务丑闻被浑水捅出来,各路债权人蜂拥而至,要求对该公司进行行政管理。
行政管理的含义就是管理员掌控该集团的最高管理权,原董事会被架空,新任CEO形同虚设,事实上,NMC债务丑闻爆发之后,大部分高管人员均已离职,包括该集团的创始人BR Shetty。
管理员的任务有两点:一是稳定现状,保持NMC的正常运转后对集团进行重组,如果回天乏力,再进行破产清算;二是核查旧账,追回受损失的资金和资产。
| 翻旧账 前管理层被起诉 |
截至4月16日,阿布扎比商业银行(ADBC)开始起诉NMC的前高管层,本地媒体Khaleejtimes确认,被起诉的高层中包括创始人兼前董事长BR Shetty。
ADBC起诉NMC前管理层捏造虚假的财务报表进行诈骗,请求法院对被告的罪行进行调查,并禁止他们旅行外逃(其中BR Shetty已经逃离阿联酋),还要求中央银行冻结被告及其家庭成员的帐户以及私人公司帐户,防止他们进行资产处置。
不仅如此,ADBC请求法院搜查所有被告的住所,没收被告的财务文件、计算机以及其他相关证据。
| 董事会大换血 重组开启 |
上周,在NMC最大债权人—阿布扎比商业银行提出请愿书之后,Alvarez&Marsal Europe LLP被法院任命为NMC的管理员,他成立了具有丰富重组经验的新董事会。
新任非执行董事是埃利·查恩(Eli Chahin)、克里斯托弗·霍尔(Christopher Hall)、迈尔斯·哈雷(Myles Halley)和菲利普·戈尔·兰德尔(Philip Gore-Randall)。
查恩在金融重组方面拥有25年以上的经验,曾在ANZ Bank、渣打银行和AlixPartners担任过各种高级职务。
霍尔是牛津投资顾问公司的执行合伙人,在国际商业和法律领域工作了30多年,还担任过多家公共和私人公司的主席和董事。
哈雷是业务转型和重组的专家,以前是毕马威的高级合伙人,并领导该公司在澳大利亚的重组业务。
戈尔-兰德尔担任多个国际集团的主席并提供咨询服务,包括一家领先的法务会计师事务所,一家香港的医疗服务提供商以及在中东开展重要业务的几家企业。
| 企业重组 or 破产清算 |
不到万不得已的状态,破产清算并不是最优的选择,事实上,从NMC集团所掌控的优质资产来看,NMC的重组空间巨大。
世事难料,NMC究竟会走向何方?让我们静观其变!
本文资料源自网络,浑水公司报告
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